Hypothesis for vaccine development: protective immunity to enteric diseases caused by nontyphoidal salmonellae and shigellae may be conferred by serum IgG antibodies to the O-specific polysaccharide of their lipopolysaccharides

Abstract

Immunoprophylaxis for bacterial enteric diseases is hindered because the protective immune mechanism(s) against nontyphoidal salmonellae or shigellae in humans are not established. On the basis of the similarities between the clinical signs, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and pathology of as well as protective immunity to salmonellae and shigellae, we propose that serum IgG antibodies to the O-specific polysaccharide (O-SP) of their lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) will confer protective immunity to these two pathogens. Critical to this notion is that (1) the virulence of these two pathogens requires full expression of their LPS; (2) active or passive immunization with serum IgG O-SP antibodies confers protection of mice against Salmonella typhimurium (there are no comparable data for humans); and (3) in humans, convalescence from shigellosis confers type (O-SP) -specific protective immunity, and indirect evidence shows a correlation between the level of serum LPS antibodies and resistance to shigellosis. We designed conjugate vaccines to elicit high levels of long-lived serum IgG O-SP antibodies to nontyphoidal salmonellae and shigellae to test this hypothesis.