THE TREATMENT OF COCCIDIOIDAL MENINGITIS. THE USE OF AMPHOTERICIN B IN A GROUP OF 25 PATIENTS

Abstract

In a study of 25 patients the usefulness of amphotericin B in the control of meningeal infection produced by Coccidioides immitis was established. Initial treatment must be intensive, consisting of intravenous and intraspinally administered amphotericin B. Serologic evaluation of coccidioidal disease provides the most important single criterion for determining the course of the meningeal infection and for estimating the response of the patient to amphotericin B therapy. Final control of coccidioidal meningitis rests upon the prevention of relapse after completion of initial intensive therapy. This requires continued suppressive fungistasis by regular intracisternal injections of amphotericin B at intervals of three to seven days after the patient returns home. Such suppressive cisternal therapy does not replace the initial intensive use of both intravenously and intraspinally administered amphotericin B. This "local" type of inhibition of C. immitis is without toxic effect upon the kidney, the red blood cells or the serum potassium values which may be associated with the intravenous administration of amphotericin B. Such intraspinal therapy, by lowering the total intravenous dosage required in the initial phase of treatment, results in a proportionate decrease in the degree of nephrotoxicity produced by amphotericin B. The total intravenous dosage given ordinarily should not exceed 5 grams. The long-term therapeutic plan as outlined permits the development of an adequate immune mechanism that appears essential to complete recovery from coccidioidal meningitis. The importance of such immunity in the recovery process has been previously indicated and confirmed by detailed study of a patient who required immunosuppression for successful homotransplantation of a kidney.