The hamster immune response to tick-transmitted Borrelia burgdorferi differs from the response to needle-inoculated, cultured organisms

Abstract

The human immune response to natural infection with Borrelia burgdorferi appears to differ from that seen in small mammals infected by needle inoculation. In humans, antibody to outer surface proteins A and B (OspA and OspB) is not detectable until late in infection, but small mammals inoculated with B. burgdorferi produce early antibody to OspA and OspB. To investigate this disparity we compared the immune response in hamsters to B. burgdorferi after needle inoculation with cultured organisms or infected tick homogenates with the immune response after tick transmitted (natural) infection. We determined that the antibody response to OspA and OspB after natural infection of hamsters is similar to that seen in humans, and differs from the antibody response after hamster infection by needle inoculation. High titers of antibody to OspA and OspB were undetectable even 42 wk after bite by B. burgdorferi-infected ticks. The failure to produce antibody to OspA and OspB was not dependent on challenge dose, because animals inoculated by needle with low doses (1 x 10(5) to 1 x 10(6) cells) of B. burgdorferi produced antibody to OspA and OspB. A rapid but limited anti-41-kDa response was observed. One possible new Ag, 43 kDa (p43), was identified. The antibody response to p43 was independent of the route of inoculation. Our results suggest that the hamster immune response to tick-transmitted Borrelia burgdorferi differs from the response to needle inoculated, cultured organisms.