EFFECTS OF DIELDRIN, PICROTOXIN AND TELODRIN ON THE METABOLISM OF AMMONIA IN BRAIN

Abstract

1. Increases in the concentrations of lactic acid and pyruvic acid in rat brain during acute dieldrin poisoning are associated with hyperactivity of the brain, whereas an increase in the cerebral alanine concentration occurs before the convulsions. Throughout the dieldrin-induced seizure pattern, fluctuations in the concentration of brain ammonia are out of phase with the actual convulsions. 2. Increases in the concentrations of alanine, ammonia and lactic acid in rat brain accompany picrotoxin-induced seizures; there is no increase in the concentration of glutamine. These changes are consistent with the inhibition of glutamine synthesis. 3. In addition to previously reported changes in the concentrations of intermediary metabolites of the brain after the administration of Telodrin (Hathway & Mallinson, 1964), increases have now been found in the alanine and lactic acid concentrations. Since increases in the alanine and glutamine concentrations occur before the convulsions, liberation of ammonia also occurs before the onset of convulsions and throughout their course. Ammonia-binding mechanisms later become inadequate and free ammonia accumulates in cerebral tissues. 4. An increase in the pyruvic acid concentration of the brain after the intraperitoneal injection of either dieldrin or Telodrin is endogenous in origin. 5. The parenteral administration of a small dose of glutamine increases the cerebral concentrations of alanine and glutamic acid. Some animals previously treated with glutamine resisted Telodrin convulsions. 6. Mechanisms for the disposal of ammonia liberated in brain are discussed.