The alpha, but not the beta, isoform of the human thromboxane A2 receptor is a target for nitric oxide-mediated desensitization. Independent modulation of Tp alpha signaling by nitric oxide and prostacyclin

Abstract

In humans, thromboxane A2 signals through two thromboxane A2 receptor (TP) isoforms termed TP alpha and TP beta. Signaling by TP alpha, but not TP beta, is subject to prostacyclin-induced desensitization mediated by direct protein kinase (PK) A phosphorylation where Ser329 represents the phosphotarget (Walsh, M. T., Foley, J. F., and Kinsella, B. T. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 20412-20423). In the current study, the effect of the vasodilator nitric oxide (NO) on intracellular signaling by the TP isoforms was investigated. The NO donor 3-morpholinosydnonimine, HCl (SIN-1) and 8-bromo-guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-Br-cGMP) functionally desensitized U46619-mediated calcium mobilization and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate generation by TP alpha whereas signaling by TP beta was unaffected by either agent. NO-mediated desensitization of TP alpha signaling occurred through a PKG-dependent, PKA- and PKC-independent mechanism. TP alpha, but not TP beta, was efficiently phosphorylated by PKG in vitro and underwent NO/PKG-mediated phosphorylation in whole cells. Deletion/site-directed mutagenesis and metabolic labeling studies identified Ser331 as the target residue of NO-induced PKG phosphorylation of TP alpha. Although TP alpha S331A was insensitive to NO/PKG-desensitization, similar to wild type TP alpha its signaling was fully desensitized by the prostacyclin receptor agonist cicaprost occurring through a PKA-dependent mechanism. Conversely, signaling by TP alpha S329A was insensitive to cicaprost stimulation whereas it was fully desensitized by NO/PKG signaling. In conclusion, TP alpha undergoes both NO- and prostacyclin-mediated desensitization that occur through entirely independent mechanisms involving direct PKG phosphorylation of Ser331, in response to NO, and PKA phosphorylation of Ser329, in response to prostacyclin, within the unique carboxyl-terminal tail domain of TP alpha. On the other hand, signaling by TP beta is unaffected by either NO or prostacyclin.