Latex allergy in children with oesophageal atresia

Abstract

Background: Latex allergy is frequently found in children and patients with spina bifida and urogenital abnormalities and have been considered at risk for latex sensitization. The aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence of latex sensitization in patients with oesophageal atresia and undergoing three or more surgical procedures and to identify possible risk factors in the process of latex sensitization.

Methods: A total of 20 patients were analysed: 19 boys and one girl. The oesophageal atresias were as follows: type I in three children, type II in two and type III in 15 children. Surgical and anaesthetic procedures, intensive care management, age, type of oesophageal atresia, associated congenital malformations, Waterston and Montreal prognostic classifications were considered as risk factors that may be implicated in the process of sensitization.

Results: Five patients (25%) were considered sensitized to latex (group 1) and 15 (75%) nonsensitized (group 2). Among the five sensitized patients, three reported clinical reactions to latex, while the other two presented only specific IgE sensitization. The number of operations, the total hours of surgery, the number of drainages, the total days of drainage, the total days of central venous catheter were significantly greater in group 1 than in group 2. Both of the highest risk oesophageal atresia classes (Waterston C and Montreal II) were related to latex allergy.

Conclusions: Oesophageal atresia, especially in cases of prolonged management, must be considered as a risk for the development of latex allergy.