Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2003 Nov;18(11):2232-9.
doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfg304.

Kidney transplants, antibodies and rejection: is C4d a magic marker?

Volker Nickeleit  1 , Michael J Mihatsch
Affiliations
Review

Kidney transplants, antibodies and rejection: is C4d a magic marker?

Volker Nickeleit et al. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2003 Nov.

Abstract

The immunohistochemical detection of the complement degradation product C4d in renal allograft biopsies has gained considerable clinical interest in recent years. The accumulation of C4d along peritubular capillaries is generally regarded as a marker for an antibody-mediated allo-response and is associated with poor graft survival. The aim of this review is to discuss histological findings associated with the deposition of C4d. Emphasis is placed on diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Unanswered questions regarding C4d and graft injury are highlighted.

PubMed Disclaimer