Evaluation of minimally invasive therapies and rationale for a prospective randomized trial to evaluate selective intra-arterial lysis for clinically complete central retinal artery occlusion

Abstract

Objectives: To determine the effect of commonly used minimally invasive treatments for clinically complete nonarteritic central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) and design a prospective randomized trial to evaluate selective intra-arterial lysis for this condition.

Methods: In this retrospective noncomparative case series, all medical records of patients with a diagnosis of CRAO treated at the Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany, from 1994 through 1999 were reviewed for treatments administered and course of visual acuity.

Main outcome measures: Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at initial and last visit.

Results: We identified 102 patient medical records; 71 were suitable for further analysis. Forty-four (62%) of the 71 patients included were treated with oral acetylsalicylate; 44 (62%), with oral acetazolamide; 32 (45%), with ocular massage; 22 (31%), with isovolemic hemodilution; 19 (27%), with oral pentoxifylline; 8 (11%), with topical beta-blocker; 6 (8%), with paracentesis of the anterior chamber; 4 (6%), with subcutaneous heparin. A mean +/- SD number of treatments of 2.5 +/- 1.4 was administered per patient, and BCVA increased by a mean +/- SD number of Snellen lines of 0.7 +/- 2.8. The BCVA in 11 patients (15%) increased by 3 or more lines. Multivariate stepwise regression did not reveal any single or combination treatment as a significant factor for improvement in BCVA. Patient age and duration of visual impairment before initial examination were not significant predictors of final BCVA.

Conclusions: Commonly used minimally invasive treatments of CRAO do not improve the natural course of the disease. A prospective trial by the European Assessment Group for Lysis in the Eye is under way to evaluate selective intra-arterial lysis, and in this trial some of these minimally invasive treatments are used in the control group.