Socio-economic and health characteristics of HIV-infected patients seeking care in relation to access to the Drug Access Initiative and to antiretroviral treatment in Côte d'Ivoire

Abstract

Objective: To compare socio-economic and health characteristics of HIV-infected patients in Côte d'Ivoire whether or not they had access to the Drug Access Initiative (DAI) and to antiretroviral drug (ARV) treatment.

Design and methods: Cross-sectional survey using medical files, blood sampling for CD4 cell counts and face-to-face interviews among all patients, informed of their HIV status, who attended during a 6-week period in the five DAI referral centres and three additional centres in charge of HIV care in Abidjan and Bouaké (participation rate = 65.4%). Multiple logistic regression using generalized estimating equations (GEE) to identify factors related to non-access to DAI and to ARV treatment.

Results: Among the 711 respondents, 23.0% were ARV-treated, 14.2% had been included in the DAI but were still waiting for initiation of ARV, and 62.7% were neither part of the DAI nor ARV-treated. In this latter group, less than one-third (29.6%) declared that they knew about the existence of the DAI. Among the 164 ARV-treated patients, 59.1% had benefited from DAI public subsidies partially covering the costs of drugs. In the non-DAI-non-ARV-treated group, 86% could have qualified for ARV treatment according to the DAI medical criteria (CD4 cell counts < 500 x 10(6) cells/l), and only 32.9% of those medically eligible were prescribed cotrimoxazole prophylaxis. In multivariate analysis, not being in the DAI and not being ARV-treated was related to: being a male, not having health care insurance, having a low level of education, living in poor housing conditions (absence of refrigerator in the household, absence of ventilation in patient's bedroom), and not being under cotrimoxazole prophylaxis.

Conclusion: The Ivoirian DAI has facilitated access to ARV treatment for a significant number of patients with limited ability to pay. The majority of HIV-infected patients seeking care however face persisting socio-economic and informational barriers to access to these treatments.