Raynaud's phenomenon

Abstract

Raynaud's phenomenon occurs in about 5% of the adult population, and most individuals do not seek medical attention for the condition. In symptomatic patients with Raynaud's phenomenon, it is useful to categorize the condition as primary or secondary. In addition to providing a framework for epidemiologic and therapeutic protocols, such classification may reflect basic pathophysiologic differences. Occupation-related Raynaud's phenomenon has been recognized recently as a major cause of lost wages and productivity. Neurogenic and "local fault" hypotheses to explain primary Raynaud's phenomenon are still being studied. In secondary Raynaud's phenomenon, obliterative arteriopathy and the role of endothelial-derived products have been the focus of intense research interest. Under some circumstances, the combination of nailfold capillary microscopy and autoantibody analysis can identify patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon that is likely to evolve into a secondary form of Raynaud's phenomenon. Although information from this type of analysis may be overinterpreted, the prognostic yield is highest for patients destined to develop systemic sclerosis-related disorders. Newer vasodilating agents and antithrombotic drugs may offer benefit for patients with both primary and secondary Raynaud's phenomenon.