Nebulized fenoterol causes greater cardiovascular and hypokalaemic effects than equivalent bronchodilator doses of salbutamol in asthmatics

Abstract

The pulmonary and extrapulmonary effects of two doses of nebulized fenoterol (5 mg) salbutamol (5 mg) and ipratropium bromide (0.5 mg) at 60 min intervals were compared in nine patients with asthma in a double-blind, randomized study. Measurements of heart rate, blood pressure, electromechanical systole (QS2I), QTc interval, FEV1 and plasma potassium were made at baseline and at 15, 30 and 60 min after each nebulization. Both beta-agonists caused significantly greater inotropic (QS2I), chronotropic (HR), electrocardiographic (QTc) and hypokalaemic effects than ipratropium bromide (IB), with fenoterol being more potent than salbutamol. Fenoterol had no greater effect on FEV1 than salbutamol although both were superior to IB. Only the first four subjects had two doses as originally intended, because the second administration of fenoterol resulted in marked cardiovascular effects and hypokalaemia. The observed differences in extrapulmonary effects between fenoterol and salbutamol provide a plausible group of mechanisms which may explain the increased risk of death associated with fenoterol in severe asthmatics.