The cytoplasmic domain is critical to the tumor suppressor activity of TSLC1 in non-small cell lung cancer

Abstract

The tumor suppressor gene in lung cancer (TSLC1) encodes a membrane glycoprotein containing extensive homology in the extracellular domain with the immunoglobulin-superfamily cell adhesion molecules. The intracellular cytoplasmic domain (CT) contains a protein 4.1 (FERM) binding motif, and a PDZ-interacting motif. Expression of TSLC1 is silenced in non-small cell lung cancer and in other cancers by promoter hypermethylation. Restoration of TSLC1 expression suppresses tumorigenicity of lung cancer cells. We report here the critical role of the FERM-binding and PDZ- interacting domains of TSLC1 in tumor suppressor activity in non-small cell lung cancer. The entire CT domain [amino acid (aa) 398-442], the FERM binding motif (aa 398-410), or the PDZ-interacting motif (aa 432-442) was deleted to generate mutants CT1, CT3, and CT4, respectively. The lung cancer cell line A549, deficient in TSLC1 expression, was stably transfected with the wild-type TSLC1 or the deletion mutants. The cell lines were then injected into athymic (nu/nu) nude mice, and tumor formation at the sites of injection was monitored. A549 cells stably transfected with the empty vector or mutant TSLC1 constructs induced tumors at the sites of injection within 10 days. In contrast, A549 cells expressing wild-type TSLC1 showed the appearance of tumors after 35 days, and the tumors grew substantially slower. A549 cells expressing wild-type TSLC1 also showed suppression of anchorage-independent colony formation in soft agar and markedly increased cell-cell adhesion activity. These results suggest that the cytoplasmic domain of TSLC1 is important in its tumor suppressor activity, and the tumor suppression activity involve protein(s) interacting with the FERM- and PDZ-interacting regions.