Allergen prick-puncture skin testing in the elderly

Abstract

Many older patients present with rhinitis, conjunctivitis, asthma or itching that the patient attributes to allergies. Yet physicians often dismiss allergy in the elderly as irrelevant. Testing elderly patients for allergies is sometimes challenging as changes in the skin may cause difficulty in applying skin tests, and the response of the skin may be difficult to measure. The prick puncture skin test is the preferred method of immediate-type allergy testing, but careful examination of the skin prior to skin testing is important. If the area of skin where allergen skin tests are routinely placed is either atrophic or severely sun damaged, a sun-protected area should be sought. If no suitable area of skin can be identified, in vitro allergen testing should be considered. Skin-test results must be interpreted with care in the elderly. Positive skin tests to an allergen must correlate with a history of exacerbation to the allergen. By identifying specific allergens to which the elderly patient is sensitive, avoidance measures or specific allergen vaccination can be recommended, improving the quality of life and decreasing the need for medications.