Safety and tolerability of abciximab in patients with acute myocardial infarction and failed thrombolysis

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitor effectiveness in AMI patients with unsuccessful thrombolysis.

Methods: Eighty-four patients hospitalised within 4 h of symptom onset were randomised (single blind) into two groups. Regardless of the group, placebo or GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors were administered to patients who did not present with reperfusion signs 30 min after starting thrombolysis and 30-60 min after the end of full thrombolysis in patients with pain recurrence and ST-segment elevation. Reperfusion was assessed by the creatine kinase peak occurring within 12 h, by the observation of rapid ST-segment reduction (50-70% within 1 h) in 12-lead ECG continuous monitoring, by the rapid regression of pain and by the development of early ventricular arrhythmias. Group 1 (GP IIb/IIIa) (42 patients) received treatment with GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors i.v., heparin according to TIMI-14 trial and aspirin during failed thrombolysis or after 30-60 min effective thrombolysis because of pain recurrence and ST segment elevation. Group 2 (placebo) (42 patients) received a full dose of rtpA (100 mg) and placebo either during failed thrombolysis or after 30-60 min effective thrombolysis because of pain recurrence and ST segment elevation and standard heparin treatment and aspirin.

Results: Thirty-nine group 1 (GP IIb/IIIa) patients showed rapid reperfusion (6 +/- 4 min) after abciximab treatment; 22 patients received rtpA 65 mg and 20 patients received rtpA 100 mg and subsequent GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor treatment. Coronarography, performed after 3-12 h, showed patency of infarct related artery (IRA) in 39 patients whose clinical picture was suggestive of rapid reperfusion during administration of a bolus of GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors. No group 2 (placebo) patients showed reperfusion and they were submitted to rescue PTCA.

Side effects: Four cases in the GP IIb/IIIa group and two cases in placebo group (major bleeding). Patients receiving GIIb/IIIa inhibitors showed a reduced incidence of stent treatment (ns) and a significant reduction of events (angina) within 30 days of treatment.

Conclusion: Our data suggest the possibility of using IIb/IIIa glycoprotein receptor inhibitors in patients with AMI and failed thrombolysis. The increased risk of bleeding was acceptable. The most important results were the safety of this combination.