Characterization of Salmonella enterica serotype newport isolated from humans and food animals

Abstract

Salmonella enterica serotype Newport isolates resistant to at least nine antimicrobials (including extended-spectrum cephalosporins), known as serotype Newport MDR-AmpC isolates, have been rapidly emerging as pathogens in both animals and humans throughout the United States. Resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins is associated with clinical failures, including death, in patients with systemic infections. In this study, 87 Salmonella serotype Newport strains were characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing and examined for the presence of class 1 integrons and bla(CMY) genes. Thirty-five PFGE patterns were observed with XbaI, and three of these patterns were indistinguishable among isolates from humans and animals. Fifty-three (60%) Salmonella serotype Newport isolates were identified as serotype Newport MDR-AmpC, including 16 (53%) of 30 human isolates, 27 (93%) of 29 cattle isolates, 7 (70%) of 10 swine isolates, and 3 (30%) of 10 chicken isolates. However, 28 (32%) Salmonella serotype Newport isolates were susceptible to all 16 antimicrobials tested. The bla(CMY) gene was present in all serotype Newport MDR-AmpC isolates. Furthermore, the plasmid-mediated bla(CMY) gene was transferable via conjugation to an Escherichia coli strain. The transconjugant showed the MDR-AmpC resistance profile. Thirty-five (40%) of the isolates possessed class 1 integrons. Sequence analyses of the integrons showed that they contained aadA, which confers resistance to streptomycin, or aadA and dhfr, which confer resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. One integron from a swine isolate contained the sat-1 gene, which encodes resistance to streptothricin, an antimicrobial agent that has never been approved for use in the United States. In conclusion, Salmonella serotype Newport MDR-AmpC was commonly identified among Salmonella serotype Newport isolates recovered from humans and food animals. These findings support the possibility of transmission of this organism to humans through the food chain.

FIG.1.

PFGE profiles, presence of bla_CMY, class 1 integron, and associated resistance genes, and antimicrobial resistance profiles of S. enterica serotype Newport isolates from humans and food animals from 25 states. AUG, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; AMP, ampicillin; TIO, ceftiofur; AXO, ceftriaxone; CEP, cephalothin; FOX, cefoxitin; CHL, chloramphenicol; KAN, kanamycin; STR, streptomycin; SMX, sulfamethoxazole; TET, tetracycline; GEN, gentamicin; COT, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Dark blocks indicate resistance, and light blocks indicate decreased susceptibility to AXO (MIC ≥ 16 μg/ml).