Prediction of maxillary canine impaction using sectors and angular measurement

Abstract

Maxillary canine impaction has an incidence of 1 in 100 in the general population and has been reported as much higher in an individual orthodontic practice. Because patients with canine impactions generally have longer treatment times, depending on the location of the impacted tooth, early identification of impaction is of critical interest to the orthodontist. Sector location and angulation of the unerupted tooth have been analyzed previously as predictors of canine eruption after deciduous extraction. Additionally, sector location has been studied as an indicator of eventual impaction, resulting in good predictive success. In this study, angulation of the unerupted tooth was measured from panoramic radiographs and added to sector location to see whether the combination of these factors could predict impaction more accurately than sector alone. Results verified earlier findings for sector: canines that become impacted will overlap the adjacent lateral incisor in 82% of cases. Logistic regression analysis also determined that once the canine overlaps the midline of the lateral incisor, there is a greater than 0.87 chance of impaction. Sector was found to be the better predictor of impaction, with angulation adding little supplementary predictive value.