Changing management of cardiac myxoma based on a series of 40 cases with long-term follow-up

Abstract

Background: Cardiac myxoma is generally considered to be a surgical emergency. However, as a result of progress in echocardiography and the increasing age of the patients presenting with this disease, the clinical presentation has changed and the management of cardiac myxoma now needs to be reviewed.

Methods: Between 1978 and 2001, 40 patients (16 men and 24 women) between the ages of 6 months and 82 years (mean age, 55.6 years) were operated on for cardiac myxoma. Signs of heart failure with pulmonary congestion (22%) or pulmonary embolism (20%) indicated a high-risk emergency situation in some cases, whereas, in other cases (58%), the patient's condition was stable and the clinical presentation was less worrying. However, the tumor was always removed within 24 hours of admission. Most cases of cardiac myxoma observed over the last decade correspond to stable forms, as echocardiography has revealed smaller tumors in generally elderly patients.

Results: The postoperative mortality was 7.5% (3 patients). No patients were lost to follow-up, and the mean follow-up was 13.6 years. One patient was reoperated for recurrence 3 years postoperatively. Five patients required further cardiac surgery: three mitral valve replacements, one coronary artery bypass graft, and one angioplasty. The 15-year survival rate was 69%.

Conclusions: Myxoma tends to be observed in a more elderly and higher risk population, often at an early stage. The classic approach of emergency surgery is not always appropriate in these stable forms, allowing more thorough preoperative assessment of these patients.