Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2003 Dec;18(12):1036-8.
doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1497.2003.10651.x.

A shortened instrument for literacy screening

Affiliations

A shortened instrument for literacy screening

Pat F Bass 3rd et al. J Gen Intern Med. 2003 Dec.

Abstract

The Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine (REALM-R), a new 8-item instrument designed to rapidly screen patients for potential health literacy problems, was administered to 157 patients. The REALM-R was correlated with Wide Range Achievement Test-Revised (WRAT-R) (.64) and demonstrated a Cronbach's alpha of 0.91. The REALM-R identified 26 of 30 persons scoring more than 1 standard deviation below the mean on the WRAT-R, corresponding to a sixth grade reading level. The REALM-R identified a substantial number of people who scored poorly on the WRAT-R, and depending on further studies of validity and reliability, may offer a practical approach to identify patients at risk for health literacy problems in a clinical setting.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Plot of reduced realm scores with WRAT scores.

Similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Kirsh I, Jungenlut A, Jenjins L. Adult Literacy in America: A First Look at the Findings of the National Adult Literacy Survey. Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics, US Department of Education; 1993.
    1. Williams MV, Baker DW, Parker RM, Nurss JR. Relationship of functional health literacy to patients' knowledge of their chronic disease: a study of patients with hypertension and diabetes. Arch Intern Med. 1998;158:166–72. - PubMed
    1. Williams MV, Baker DW, Honig EG, Lee TM, Nowlan A. Inadequate literacy is a barrier to asthma knowledge and self care. Chest. 1998;114:1008–15. - PubMed
    1. Baker DW, Parker RM, Clark WS, Nurss JR. The relationship of patient reading ability to self-reported health and use of health services. Am J Public Health. 1997;87:1027–30. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Grosse RN, Auffrey C. Literacy and health status in developing countries. Annu Rev Public Health. 1989;10:281–97. - PubMed