Major dissection of the coronary sinus and its tributaries during lead implantation for biventricular stimulation: angiographic follow-up

Abstract

Dissection of the coronary sinus during lead implantation for biventricular pacemaker implantation in patients with advanced heart failure is a serious complication that has occasionally been reported. We report on the clinical outcome and angiographic follow-up in a series of 7 patients with acute major dissection from 103 consecutive attempts (incidence 6.8%). Serial echocardiography was performed in all patients and all underwent follow-up angiography 2-3 months after the procedure. In 1 patient, pericardial extravasation was seen during retrograde venography. Clinical follow-up was uneventful except for one other patient who complained of prolonged chest discomfort for several hours after the procedure. In none of the patients were there signs of pericardial effusion or tamponade demonstrated on echocardiography. Venograms during the procedure and after follow-up were analysed using a quantitative coronary angiography system (CAAS II). Parameters included minimal luminal diameter, diameter stenosis, minimal cross-sectional area and an estimation of the reference diameter. There were no significant differences in all analysed parameters, although in 1 patient a small partial dissection was present. Thus, although dissection of the coronary sinus following lead implantation for biventricular stimulation is not an uncommon complication, it is usually well tolerated. Long-term angiographic follow-up demonstrated no significant vessel damage or vessel remodeling.