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. 2004 Feb;88(2):276-9.
doi: 10.1136/bjo.2003.021857.

Optic nerve oxygen tension: the effects of timolol and dorzolamide

J F Kiilgaard  1 , D B Pedersen, T Eysteinsson, M la Cour, K Bang, P K Jensen, E Stefánsson
Affiliations

Optic nerve oxygen tension: the effects of timolol and dorzolamide

J F Kiilgaard et al. Br J Ophthalmol. 2004 Feb.

Abstract

Background/aims: The authors have previously reported that carbonic anhydrase inhibitors such as acetazolamide and dorzolamide raise optic nerve oxygen tension (ONPO(2)) in pigs. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether timolol, which belongs to another group of glaucoma drugs called beta blockers, has a similar effect. In addition, the effect of dorzolamide and timolol in combination was studied.

Methods: Polarographic oxygen electrodes were placed transvitreally over the optic disc in anaesthetised pigs and ONPO(2) was recorded continually. Drugs were administered intravenously either as 100 mg timolol followed by 500 mg dorzolamide (n = 5), 500 mg dorzolamide followed by 100 mg timolol (n = 5), or 100 mg timolol and 500 mg dorzolamide given simultaneously (n = 5). Arterial blood pressure, blood gasses, and heart rate were recorded.

Results: ONPO(2) was unaffected by administration of 100 mg timolol as an intravenous injection (n = 5). Administration of 500 mg dorzolamide by itself significantly increased ONPO(2) from 2.96 (SD 0.62) kPa to 3.69 (SD 0.88) kPa (n = 4, p = 0.035). The dorzolamide induced ONPO(2) increase was not significantly different from the ONPO(2) increases were seen when dorzolamide was administered simultaneous with (n = 5) or 35 minutes (n = 5) after 100 mg timolol.

Conclusion: Systemic administration of timolol does not affect the optic nerve oxygen tension despite its lowering effect on the intraocular pressure. Additionally, timolol does not affect the ONPO(2) increasing effect of dorzolamide.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Optic nerve oxygen tension in kPa over time during different kinds of manipulations. (A) The effect of 100 mg timolol injection at time 0 and a subsequent 500 mg dorzolamide injection at 35 minutes. (B) The effect of 500 mg dorzolamide injection at time 0 and a subsequent 100 mg timolol injection at 35 minutes. (C) The effect of a combined injection of 100 mg timolol and 500 mg dorzolamide.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The changes in optic nerve oxygen tension induced by injections of timolol, dorzolamide, dorzolamide after timolol, and a combination of dorzolamide and timolol. *Indicates that the changes in ONPO2 from baseline are significant (Student’s paired t test). Changes in ONPO2 in the treatment groups were compared using Student’s unpaired t tests (p<0.05 = significant difference).
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