Molecular analysis of therapy resistance in gastric cancer

Abstract

Therapy resistance is the main cause of therapeutic failure and death in patients suffering from gastric carcinoma. Clinical resistance against systemic chemotherapy of gastric cancer is likely to be multifactorial and heterogenous. So far, no significant resistance factor that predicts the clinical outcome of systemic treatment of gastric carcinoma has been identified. In order to gain further understanding of therapy resistance in gastric carcinoma, various in vitro model systems were established. One of these models consists of the parental, drug-sensitive and thermosensitive human gastric carcinoma cell line EPG85-257P, its classical multidrug-resistant variant EPG85-257RDB, its atypical multidrug-resistant subline EPG85-257RNOV and their thermoresistant counterparts EPG85-257P-TR, EPG85-257RDB-TR, and EPG85-257RNOV-TR. This panel of cells was analyzed using morphological, biochemical, cellular and molecular biological methods to identify potential new factors involved in therapy resistance of gastric carcinoma. Cellular alterations that could be identified in these models were evaluated by functional investigations. This review will discuss the current state of knowledge of these new therapy resistance-associated factors, e.g. glypican-3 (GPC3), as well as the impact of well-known drug resistance-associated factors, such as MDR1/P-glycoprotein, on therapy resistance of gastric carcinoma.