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Review
. 2004 Feb 7;328(7435):338-9.
doi: 10.1136/bmj.328.7435.338.

Assessment of dependence and motivation to stop smoking

Robert West  1
Affiliations
Review

Assessment of dependence and motivation to stop smoking

Robert West. BMJ. .
No abstract available

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Clinical intervention goals for smoking according to dependence and motivation to quit
Figure 2
Figure 2
A “yes” response to either of these questions would suggest that the smoker might benefit from help with stopping
Figure 3
Figure 3
The Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence: a quantitative index of dependence. The numbers in the pink shaded column corresponding to the smoker's responses are added together to produce a single score on scale of 0 (low dependence) to 10 (high dependence). Adapted from Heatherton et al. Br J Addict1991;86: 1119-27
Figure 4
Figure 4
Simple qualitative test of motivation to stop smoking. A “yes” response to all questions suggests that behavioural support and/or medication should be offered
Figure 5
Figure 5
Stages of change in process of stopping smoking. Adapted from Prochaska et al. Clin Chest Med 1991;12: 727-35
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Kozlowski LT, Porter CQ, Orleans CT, Pope MA, Heatherton T. Predicting smoking cessation with self-reported measures of nicotine dependence: FTQ, FTND, and HSI. Drug Alcohol Depend 1994;34: 211-6. - PubMed
    1. National Institute for Clinical Excellence. Technology appraisal guidance No 38. Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and bupropion for smoking cessation. London: NICE, 2002.
    1. Sutton S. Back to the drawing board? A review of applications of the transtheoretical model to substance use. Addiction 2001;96: 175-86. - PubMed