Transfusion management of patients with IgA deficiency and anti-IgA during liver transplantation

Abstract

Severe anaphylactic or allergic reactions may occur during blood transfusion to patients who are IgA-deficient and have anti-IgA in their blood, particularly those with class-specific antibodies. These patients are a particular challenge to the hospital transfusion service when large volumes of blood components are required for transfusion support, as in liver transplantation. We have successfully provided blood components for 3 such patients undergoing liver transplantation. Red cells were washed manually or by automated technique. Platelets were washed manually. All plasma was from IgA-deficient donors. One patient's entire plasma requirements were supplied by autologous plasmapheresis. Serial determinations of IgA levels and anti-IgA titers in 1 patient demonstrated an abrupt fall in anti-IgA with the appearance of barely detectable amounts of IgA during the surgery. IgA-containing plasma cells were demonstrated in the biopsies of liver homografts of 2 patients following transplantation. IgA deficiency with anti-IgA can be successfully managed during liver transplantation with advance planning.