The sensitivity of human blood platelets to the aggregating agent ADP during different dietary sodium intakes in healthy men

Abstract

We have investigated the effect of varying sodium intake on the renin-angiotensin system, ADP-induced platelet aggregation in vitro, and blood 5-HT concentrations in 9 male volunteers. Systolic blood pressure was slightly reduced during a low sodium diet, whereas the diastolic pressure remained unchanged. Plasma renin activity and aldosterone concentration both fell significantly when sodium intake was increased; plasma angiotensin II concentration also fell, but not significantly. There was a significant fall in haematocrit after an increased sodium intake, but there was no change in the whole-blood platelet count after correcting for this. There were no significant changes in either total (i.e. PRP) or platelet 5-HT concentrations. The extent of platelet aggregation induced by 5 and 20 mumol.l-1 of ADP increased significantly when dietary sodium intake was increased. When compared with low or normal sodium intakes, lower concentrations of ADP were required to produce 50% of maximum aggregation after a high sodium intake. The 5-HT2 receptor antagonist ketanserin (1 mumol.l-1 in vitro) reduced the extent of aggregation induced by 5 mumol.l-1 ADP after the volunteers had taken a high sodium diet, whereas the angiotensin II receptor antagonist saralasin (1 nmol.l-1) increased the rate of aggregation after the low sodium diet. Thus, during a high sodium intake, human platelets become more sensitive to the aggregating agent ADP. It is possible that this effect is mediated via platelet 5-HT2 receptors, since ketanserin abolished the increase in salt-induced aggregation seen with 5 mumol.l-1 ADP.