Examination of the bone-implant interface in experimentally induced osteoporotic bone

Abstract

The objective of this study was to explore the hypothesis that osteoporotic-like (OP) conditions have a negative effect on osseointegration (OI) of dental implants. Using an ovariectomized (OVX) rat model, the extent of OI using histologic and histomorphometric analysis (HMA) under a variety of OVX conditions was assessed. Five experimental groups (n = 7 rats per group) were used: 1) OP control, 2) OI control, () OI followed by OVX treatment to induce OP (OI-->OP), 4) OP induction followed by OI (OP-->OI), and 5) OP induction simultaneously with OI (OI = OP). Using undecalcified plastic-embedded cross-sections of the implant site, HMA was performed to determine the percent of bone contact (BC) at the implant-tissue interface and percent of bone area (BA) immediately (1.5-mm diameter) surrounding the implant site. The presence of Bone Sialoprotein (BSP), an important extracellular matrix component of bone, was evaluated using immunohistochemical staining procedures. The implant control resulted in the highest level of OI (BC = 79%; BA = 87%), whereas all groups in which OVX was performed resulted in a significant reduction in BA (70-75%). High levels of BC were observed in established OP conditions (OP-->OI; BC = 79%); however, following OI, induction of OP conditions (OI-->OP) led to a significant reduction in BC (50%). In each of the OP treatment groups, a diminution of cortical bone, increased trabecularization of the host bone site, and loss of staining of BSP was observed. The results of this work indicate that although OI is possible under a variety of OP-like conditions simulating implant placement, the long-term biomechanical stability of implants under these conditions could be compromised and remains unclear. Further research to understand implant use in the complex bone environment under OP-like conditions is encouraged.