Cross-sectional 7-year follow-up of anxiety in primary care patients

Abstract

We describe the longitudinal patterns of anxiety symptoms and mental health treatment among patients recruited from a primary care clinic, and provide a naturalistic view of anxiety symptoms, disorders, and treatment at two time periods 7 years apart. Study participants were originally identified in a primary care setting in 1992 as positive but untreated for the presence of anxiety and/or depressive symptoms and disorders. Data were collected through telephone interviews assessing current psychological status for anxiety and depression symptoms, disorders, and general functioning and well being. There were no planned interventions. Participants were re-interviewed after 7 years. Two hundred seventy-one of the identified 1992 population of 784 patients were followed up by interview in 1999. Comparisons of the scores demonstrated that respondents were less symptomatic in 1999 than in 1992, with 45% of respondents reporting no symptoms whatsoever at follow-up. Severity of symptom status in 1992 was indicative of follow-up symptom severity. Most respondents (68%) had not received mental health treatment over the 7 years, largely because they wanted to handle problems on their own. This study demonstrates the tendency of anxiety to remain or reappear years after originally identified, with 55% of patients reporting symptoms after 7 years. Initially untreated and underdiagnosed anxiety is associated with continued impairment in functional status and quality of life and continued underrecognition and undertreatment.