[Xanthomas]

Abstract

Xanthomas are cutaneous lesions due to a local accumulation of spumous cells in the dermal tissue or the tendons. Histologically, they are characterized by the presence of histiocytes, fibroblasts, macrophages and Touton cells full of lipids. Xanthomas may be found on any part of the body and are usually yellow-orange in color. They may or may not be associated to hyperlipoproteinemia which may be genetic or secondary. A blood test and a complete physical examination are necessary in case such a lesion is discovered. When there is no hyperlipemia some types of xanthomas may be associated to rare diseases. Xanthomas are classified according to their clinical features.