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Review
. 2004 Jul;42(7):383-95.
doi: 10.1038/sj.sc.3101603.

Spinal shock revisited: a four-phase model

J F Ditunno  1 , J W Little, A Tessler, A S Burns
Affiliations
Review

Spinal shock revisited: a four-phase model

J F Ditunno et al. Spinal Cord. 2004 Jul.

Abstract

Spinal shock has been of interest to clinicians for over two centuries. Advances in our understanding of both the neurophysiology of the spinal cord and neuroplasticity following spinal cord injury have provided us with additional insight into the phenomena of spinal shock. In this review, we provide a historical background followed by a description of a novel four-phase model for understanding and describing spinal shock. Clinical implications of the model are discussed as well.

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