Diagnosis, epidemiology and pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus: an update for psychiatrists

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder characterised by persistent hyperglycaemia. The prevalence of diabetes is increased in people with schizophrenia.

Aims: To provide an update of current thinking in diabetes for practising psychiatrists.

Method: Literature review.

Results: Diabetes is a costly condition in individual, social and economic terms, and the global burden of diabetes is increasing in most populations. The insidious onset and asymptomatic nature of diabetes results in many people remaining undiagnosed and at great risk of developing life-threatening vascular complications. Lifestyle and pharmacological interventions can reduce incident diabetes and delay its progression.

Conclusions: Public health policies are urgently required to encourage people to follow a healthy lifestyle. Primary prevention strategies for diabetes should target individuals at especially high risk of developing type 2 diabetes, including those with severe mental illness.