A risk score-dependent antiemetic approach effectively reduces postoperative nausea and vomiting--a continuous quality improvement initiative

Abstract

Purpose: In a previous survey, patients at risk for postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) were best identified by a simplified risk score. Consequently, we investigated whether a risk score-dependent antiemetic strategy could effectively reduce the incidence of PONV in our department.

Methods: Adult in-patients (n = 428) scheduled for throat, thyroid, breast or gynecological surgery under general anesthesia were prospectively classified in three risk groups (L = low, M = medium, H = high) by using a simplified risk score. Patients in the L group did not receive any antiemetic prophylaxis. Patients in the M group received volatile anesthesia with 0.625 mg droperidol or an iv propofol anesthesia without droperidol. Patients in the H group received iv anesthesia supplemented with 4 mg dexamethasone and 0.625 mg droperidol.

Results: Compared with the data from our previous survey, the overall incidence of PONV decreased from 49.5% to 14.3% (P < 0.001). The incidence decreased from 34% to 13.2% (P < 0.001) in the M group and from 64.3% to 15.5% (P < 0.001) in the H group. Mean postanesthesia care unit time decreased from 99 to 82 min (P < 0.04).

Conclusion: This is the first survey which suggests that the departmental incidence of PONV can be significantly lowered by a risk score-dependent antiemetic strategy through a quality improvement initiative.