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Review
. 2004 Apr 19;199(8):1037-40.
doi: 10.1084/jem.20040426. Epub 2004 Apr 12.

HIV transmission: closing all the doors

Carl W Davis  1 , Robert W Doms
Affiliations
Review

HIV transmission: closing all the doors

Carl W Davis et al. J Exp Med. .
No abstract available

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Mucosal transmission of HIV. Mechanisms by which HIV may traverse the epithelium include tears in the epithelium, transcytosis, and interactions with Langerhans cells. In the submucosal space, HIV may infect local T cells or macrophages that express CD4 and either CXCR4 or CCR5. Virus entry can be blocked by agents that prevent binding of the viral Env protein to either CD4 or the viral coreceptor. However, HIV may still be able to establish an infection by binding to CD4, DC-SIGN, or other attachment molecules on the surface of DCs. HIV may be internalized by the DCs, and upon DC maturation (which may be triggered by HIV) and emigration from the submucosa via the lymphatics to regional lymph nodes, be delivered to an area rich in T cells but deficient in topically applied entry inhibitors. Thus, blocking direction infection of cells in the submucosa and interactions with DCs may be required to efficiently inhibit sexual transmission of HIV.
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