Near infrared spectroscopy monitoring during carotid endarterectomy: which threshold value is critical?

Abstract

Objectives: Retrospectively to verify which decreasing percentage in regional oxygen saturation (rSO(2)) identified patients with good collateralisation during carotid artery cross clamp.

Materials and methods: During 594 endarterectomies under general anaesthesia the decreasing percentage from preclamp value to value detected in the first 2 min after clamping the CCA and/or ICA was calculated in real time. No temporary shunt was placed in any case. ROC analysis was performed to determine the optimal cut-off for rSO(2) decrease to identify the occurrence of neurological complications.

Results: A cut-off of 11.7% was identified as optimal. Sensitivity and specificity were 75% (95% CI 71-78) and 77% (95% CI 74-80), respectively. The cut-off of 20% had a lower sensitivity (30%) and a higher specificity (98%) to identify patients with complications, with positive and negative predictive value of 37 and 98%, respectively.

Conclusions: The study suggest that a relative decrease in rSO(2) of <20% from preclamp to early cross clamp value has a high negative predictive value, i.e. if rSO(2) does non decrease more than 20%, ischemia by hypoperfusion is unlikely and a shunt should not be necessary. Moreover, a relative decrease >20% may not always indicate intraoperative neurological complications.