Degradation of corneodesmosome proteins by two serine proteases of the kallikrein family, SCTE/KLK5/hK5 and SCCE/KLK7/hK7

Abstract

Corneodesmosin (CDSN), desmoglein 1 (DSG1), and desmocollin 1 (DSC1) are adhesive proteins of the extracellular part of the corneodesmosomes, the junctional structures that mediate corneocyte cohesion. The degradation of these proteins at the epidermis surface is necessary for desquamation. Two serine proteases of the kallikrein family synthesized as inactive precursors have been implicated in this process: the stratum corneum chymotryptic enzyme (SCCE/KLK7/hK7) and the stratum corneum tryptic enzyme (SCTE/KLK5/hK5). Here, we analyzed the capacity of these enzymes to cleave DSG1, DSC1, and epidermal or recombinant forms of CDSN, at an acidic pH close to that of the stratum corneum. SCCE directly cleaved CDSN and DSC1 but was unable to degrade DSG1. But incubation with SCTE induced degradation of the three corneodesmosomal components. Using the recombinant form of CDSN, either with its N-glycan chain or enzymatically deglycosylated, we also demonstrated that oligosaccharide residues do not protect CDSN against proteolysis by SCCE. Moreover, our results suggest that SCTE is able to activate the proform of SCCE. These results strongly suggest that the two kalikreins are involved in desquamation. A model is proposed for desquamation that could be regulated by a precisely controlled protease-protease inhibitor balance.