Transient ST segment depression during Holter monitoring: how to avoid false positive findings

Abstract

To increase the specificity of 24-hour Holter monitoring in detecting transient myocardial ischemia, we separated genuine ST deviations from those dependent on artifacts by adding a detailed shape analysis of real-time printouts to the usual criteria of significant ST segment depression. We screened 116 apparently healthy subjects; 31 had to be excluded, because of pathologic findings in preliminary examinations. The remaining 85 (49 women and 36 men; mean age, 43.1 years) underwent Holter monitoring for assessment of the extent, frequency, and duration of episodes of horizontal and descending ST segment depression of at least 0.1 mV that persisted for at least 60 msec after the J point and that were at least 1 minute apart. On the basis of these criteria, six subjects (7.1%) showed 24 episodes of horizontal or descending ST segment depression with a mean of 0.2 mV (range, 0.15 to 0.25 mV), a frequency of four episodes per 24 hours (one to nine), and a duration of 12.2 minutes (range 3-range 41 minutes). Supplementary criteria--e.g., sudden onset of ST segment depression, identical orientation of PQ and ST segments, or simultaneous increase in R and P wave amplitude--made it possible to identify ST changes caused by artifacts in four volunteers. In only two subjects (2.4%) could true silent ischemia not be differentiated from false positive results. Thus consideration of only the extent, frequency, and duration of episodes does not permit a differentiation between true silent ischemia and false positive results. A supplementary shape analysis increases the specificity of ST segment analysis in detecting transient myocardial ischemia during 24-hour Holter monitoring.