[Eczema herpeticatum]

Abstract

Patients affected by atopic dermatitis tend to develop viral infections. Probably the most feared complication of atopic dermatitis is eczema herpeticum, a disseminated infection with herpes simplex virus. A monomorphic eruption of dome-shaped blisters, pustules and erosions in the eczematous skin lesions along with severe systemic illness leads to the diagnosis. The clinical diagnosis may be confirmed by polymerase chain reaction, viral culture, electron microscopy with negative staining, Tzanck test, immunofluorescence tests or serology. While intravenous acyclovir is still regarded as standard treatment of eczema herpeticum, several recently-developed antiviral drugs provide therapeutic options.