Hemifacial spasm in Singapore: clinical characteristics and patients ' perceptions

Abstract

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the clinical characteristics and patients ' perception of hemifacial spasm (HFS) in Singapore.

Materials and methods: A clinical survey of 137 consecutive patients with HFS seen in our Botulinum Toxin Clinic over a 15-month period was undertaken.

Results: Forty-six men and 91 women were interviewed. Their mean age at onset of HFS was 48 years. The median disease duration was 60 months (range, 2 to 360 months). Left-sided spasm was common in 51.8 % of patients, and the orbicularis oculi was the first muscle to be affected in 86.1 % of them. The majority (65 %) had the spasm aggravated by stress and anxiety. In fact, 32 patients perceived stress and anxiety as a possible aetiology of HFS. Stroke was a main concern in 17 patients and 7 patients thought the spasm was a sign of demonic possession or a bad omen. The spasm embarrassed 75.2 % of the patients, rendered 65 % of them depressed, affected the vision in 60.6 % of them and compromised their work performance in 35.8 %. Overall, treatment was delayed by a median interval of 6 months from onset of symptoms (range, 0 to 132). More than half (53.3 %) tried traditional therapies (acupuncture or herbal medicine), while only 48.2 % had botulinum toxin as the initial treatment. All patients eventually received botulinum toxin injections and more than 90 % showed improvement at 1 month posttreatment.

Conclusions: The clinical characteristics and patients ' perception of HFS in Singapore were presented. HFS affects patients both psychosocially and functionally. Effective treatment with botulinum toxin exists and should be provided early to the patients.