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Comparative Study
. 2004 Jun 5;3(1):17.
doi: 10.1186/1475-925X-3-17.

Simultaneous storage of medical images in the spatial and frequency domain: a comparative study

Jagadish Nayak  1 , P Subbanna Bhat, Rajendra Acharya U, Niranjan Uc
Affiliations
Comparative Study

Simultaneous storage of medical images in the spatial and frequency domain: a comparative study

Jagadish Nayak et al. Biomed Eng Online. .

Abstract

Background: Digital watermarking is a technique of hiding specific identification data for copyright authentication. This technique is adapted here for interleaving patient information with medical images, to reduce storage and transmission overheads.

Methods: The patient information is encrypted before interleaving with images to ensure greater security. The bio-signals are compressed and subsequently interleaved with the image. This interleaving is carried out in the spatial domain and Frequency domain. The performance of interleaving in the spatial, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) coefficients is studied. Differential pulse code modulation (DPCM) is employed for data compression as well as encryption and results are tabulated for a specific example.

Results: It can be seen from results, the process does not affect the picture quality. This is attributed to the fact that the change in LSB of a pixel changes its brightness by 1 part in 256. Spatial and DFT domain interleaving gave very less %NRMSE as compared to DCT and DWT domain.

Conclusion: The Results show that spatial domain the interleaving, the %NRMSE was less than 0.25% for 8-bit encoded pixel intensity. Among the frequency domain interleaving methods, DFT was found to be very efficient.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Scheme for storage in spatial domain Interleaving
Figure 2
Figure 2
Encryption of patient information: (a) Original patient information, (b) Encrypted patient information
Figure 3
Figure 3
Results of DPCM techniques: a) Original signal b) Reconstructed ECG signal C) Error signal
Figure 4
Figure 4
Scheme for Interleaving in DFT Domain
Figure 5
Figure 5
Scheme for Interleaving in DCT Domain
Figure 6
Figure 6
Scheme for Interleaving in DWT Domain
Figure 7
Figure 7
Scheme for DWT decomposition of an image
Figure 8
Figure 8
Result of interleaving text in the CT Image in DFT domain: a) Original image b) Interleaved image
Figure 9
Figure 9
Result of interleaving DPCM error in the MRI Image in DCT domain: a) Original image b) Interleaved image
Figure 10
Figure 10
Result of interleaving in text in the Angiogram Image in DWT Domain: a) Original image b) Interleaved image
Figure 11
Figure 11
Histogram of CT images: a) Original Image b) Interleaved Image
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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