On the toxicokinetics and the metabolism of deoxynivalenol (DON) in the pig

Abstract

Eleven castrated male pigs weighing 88.1 +/- 3.9 kg on average were adapted to a diet containing DON (4.2 mg DON/kg) over a period of 7 days. Feed was given restrictively with 1.1 kg per meal (two meals per day). On the day of measurement, all pigs were slaughtered at different time intervals following the morning meal containing DON (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 15, 18 and 24 h after feeding), with the exception of one pig which was slaughtered unfed. DON and de-epoxy-DON were analysed in serum and digesta from consecutive segments of the digestive tract (stomach, small intestine divided into three parts of a similar length, caecum, colon, rectum). DON was rapidly and nearly completely absorbed while passing through the stomach and the proximal small intestine. Maximum serum concentration appeared 4.1 h after the DON-containing meal and half of the systemically absorbed DON was eliminated after 5.8 h. De-epoxy-DON appeared in increasing proportions from the distal small intestine and reached approximately 80% of the sum of DON plus de-epoxy-DON in faeces collected from the rectum. It was concluded that de-epoxydation of DON, which primarily occurs in the hindgut, probably does not contribute much to a detoxification in the pig.