The influence of pH on the effects of 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, Na salt) on Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Salmonella typhimurium

Abstract

The genetic effects of 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, Na salt) have been investigated in cells of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and of the bacterium Salmonella typhimurium in experiments in vitro and in vivo. Experiments in vitro showed that the killing of both yeast and bacteria is dependent on the pH in the treatment solution of 2,4-D. A dose-dependent increase of the frequency of mitotic gene conversion and mitotic recombination in yeast was observed at pH 4.50 and 4.30. In experiments in vitro with two strains of Salmonella no significant increase of the number of revertants to prototrophy was obtained. The positive correlation between survival of cells and dissociation of 2,4-D in the pH region 2.8-5.0 indicates that the cells are unable to take up dissociated 2,4-D. Therefore the survival is high at a high pH when most 2,4-D is in dissociated form, and the survival is low at a relatively low pH when more of the 2,4-D is in its undissociated form. No genetic effects were induced by oral administration of tolerable doses of 2,4-D in host-mediated assays using mice as hosts and yeast or Salmonella as indicator cells.