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Review
. 2004 Jun 26;328(7455):1548-52.
doi: 10.1136/bmj.328.7455.1548.

Healthcare challenges from the developing world: post-immigration refugee medicine

Kristina M Adams  1 , Lorin D Gardiner, Nassim Assefi
Affiliations
Review

Healthcare challenges from the developing world: post-immigration refugee medicine

Kristina M Adams et al. BMJ. .
No abstract available

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
World Health Organization classification for ritual female genital surgery. A (type I or Sunna): excision of the prepuce with or without excision of the clitoris. B (type II): excision of the prepuce and clitoris and partial or total excision of the labia minora. C (type III or pharaonic): excision of part or all of the external genitalia and stitching or narrowing of the vaginal opening. Type IV circumcision (not pictured) describes procedures that do not fit the previous classifications: piercing, cauterisation, or stretching of the clitoris or labia with the aim of narrowing the vagina. Reproduced courtesy of Nahid Toubia, president of the RAINBO organisation
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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References

    1. U.S. Committee for Refugees. World refugee survey 2003. (Available from www.refugees.org/siteindex.cfm)
    1. United Nations. Convention relating to the status of refugees. New York: United Nations, 1951. - PubMed
    1. Miller JM, Boyd HA, Ostrowski SR, Cookson ST, Parise ME, Gonzaga PS, et al. Malaria, intestinal parasites, and schistosomiasis among Barawan Somali refugees resettling to the United States: a strategy to reduce morbidity and decrease the risk of imported infections. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2000;62: 115-21. - PubMed
    1. Kinzie JD. Evaluation and psychotherapy of Indochinese refugee patients. Am J Psychother 1981;35: 251-61. - PubMed
    1. Mollica RF. The trauma story: a phenomenological approach to the traumatic life experiences of refugee survivors. Psychiatry 2001;64: 60-3. - PubMed

Publication types