The polymorphism of the locus control region lying downstream the human IgH locus is restricted to hs1,2 but not to hs3 and hs4 enhancers

Abstract

In human, three transcriptional enhancers called hs1,2, hs3 and hs4 were identified downstream the 3' Ig heavy (IgH) locus. We previously reported by PCR and Southern blotting the existence of various allelic forms for the hs1,2 enhancer, one allele being associated with a higher efficiency of switching to IgA in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients. Since it is strongly suggested in the mouse that the whole 3' regulatory region is broadly involved in the regulation of class switch recombination (CSR), we wondered if the reported hs1,2 polymorphism was the sole difference possibly accounting for the varying ability to produce non-IgM antibodies in the human population. In this study, we report the absence of additional polymorphism of the hs3 and hs4 enhancers either by using a PCR method or by Southern blotting. DNA sequence analysis confirmed the existence of an invariant core sequence for human hs3 and hs4 enhancers, featuring multiple nuclear factor potential binding sites. In conclusion, human hs3 and hs4 enhancers are not polymorphic, a result that markedly contrasts with the hs1,2 enhancer for which the generation of multiple alleles in both rodents and humans has likely been favored by its central position within a large palindromic region.