Effectiveness of intratympanic dexamethasone injection in sudden-deafness patients as salvage treatment

Abstract

Objective: To study the effectiveness of intratympanic dexamethasone (IT-DEX) in patients with severe or profound sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) after treatment failure with conventional therapy.

Study design: Randomized, controlled study.

Methods: Patients who met the criteria for SSNHL, with a severity of severe to profound, underwent 10 days of standard treatment with oral steroid and other facilitating agents. Patients showing poor response to standard treatment were assigned randomly to a control group or to a group receiving IT-DEX. IT-DEX injections were performed once a week for 3 consecutive weeks. Pure-tone audiometry was obtained before each injection. Minimum follow-up time was 1 month. Successful treatment was defined as a hearing improvement of greater than 30 dB.

Results: Thirty-nine patients meeting the inclusion criteria were studied. After treatment with oral steroid, 10 of 39 (26%) patients demonstrated hearing improvement, whereas the remaining 29 (74%) patients showed a hearing improvement of less than 30 dB. For those without hearing improvement, 15 received IT-DEX, and 14 received further standard treatment (except oral steroid and carbogen inhalation). Hearing improved in 8 of 15 (53.3%) compared with 1 of 14 (7.1%), with an average decrease in threshold of 28.4 dB and 13.2 dB for the IT-DEX group and the control group, respectively (P <.05). Prognostic factors such as age, treatment delay time, and sex did not significantly affect the response to therapy.

Conclusions: IT-DEX injection effectively improves hearing in patients with severe or profound SSNHL after treatment failure with standard therapy and is not associated with major side effects. It is therefore a reasonable alternative as salvage treatment.