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. 2004 Aug;49(2):147-51.
doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2004.01.012.

Enterovirus-related type 1 diabetes mellitus and antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase in Japan

Hisashi Kawashima  1 , Toshiaki Ihara, Hiroaki Ioi, Shingo Oana, Satoshi Sato, Naoki Kato, Takeshi Takami, Yasuyo Kashiwagi, Kouji Takekuma, Akinori Hoshika, Takayuki Mori
Affiliations

Enterovirus-related type 1 diabetes mellitus and antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase in Japan

Hisashi Kawashima et al. J Infect. 2004 Aug.

Abstract

Objectives: In order to clarify the relationship between enteroviruses and type 1 diabetes mellitus in Japan we investigated enteroviral RNA in serum from children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: We investigated enteroviral RNA in serum from children with type 1 diabetes mellitus by using highly sensitive RT-PCR. Additionally the sequences and viral loads were determined and compared with anti-coxsackie virus antibodies and anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibodies.

Results: RT-PCR for enterovirus was positive in 23 (37.7%) from 61 samples. The positivity had no disparity of age, but decreased by aging after the occurrence of type 1 diabetes mellitus. The sequences of the positives were similar as those of coxsackie B4. The viral loads revealed that there was no positive patient with high titers of anti-GAD antibodies.

Conclusion: In Japan there is some correlation with type 1 diabetes mellitus and enterovirus. The pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus seems to consist of a direct destruction by persistent coxsackie virus and the autoimmune mechanism through autoantibodies against beta-cells.

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