Signatures of superfluidity for Feshbach-resonant Fermi gases

Abstract

We consider atomic Fermi gases where Feshbach resonances can be used to study the whole BCS-Bose-Einstein condensate crossover. We show how a probing field transferring atoms out of the superfluid can be used to detect the onset of the superfluid transition in the high-T(c) and BCS regimes. The number of transferred atoms, as a function of the energy given by the probing field, peaks at the gap energy. The shape of the peak is asymmetric due to the single particle excitation gap. Since the excitation gap also includes a pseudogap contribution, the asymmetry alone is not a signature of superfluidity. The incoherent nature of the noncondensed pairs leads to broadening of the peak. The broadening decays below the critical temperature, causing a drastic increase in the asymmetry. This provides a signature of the transition.