Medical abortion in women of less than or equal to 56 days amenorrhoea: a comparison between gemeprost (a PGE1 analogue) alone and mifepristone and gemeprost

Abstract

Objective: To determine the efficacy of a new dose regimen of vaginal gemeprost (1 mg every 6 h up to three doses) in induction of abortion in women less than or equal to 56 days gestation, and to compare this regimen with mifepristone (200-600 mg) followed 48 h later by a single dose of gemeprost (1 mg).

Design: Two separate protocols, with 50% of the subjects randomized to one or other protocol.

Setting: The Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.

Subjects: 301 referred by their general practitioner or local family planning clinic, requesting termination of pregnancy at less than or equal to 56 days amenorrhoea.

Interventions: Ongoing pregnancies and incomplete abortions were terminated surgically.

Main outcome measures: Number of complete abortions, analgesic requirements and bleeding pattern following treatment.

Results: Complete abortion occurred in 87% of women treated with gemeprost alone and 98% of women treated with mifepristone and gemeprost (P = 0.0004). Analgesic requirements were greater in the group treated with gemeprost alone, compared with the group treated with mifepristone and gemeprost (P = 0.0001).

Conclusion: The new dose regimen of gemeprost can be used for early induced abortion, but the use of mifepristone and gemeprost has several advantages over the use of gemeprost alone.

PIP: General practitioners and obstetrician-gynecologists referred 301 women who were or= 56 days pregnant and asked for an abortion to the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh in Scotland. Physicians administered 1 mg of gemeprost alone every 6 hours up to 3 mg to the 151 women and 200-600 mg mifepristone (RU-486) followed by 1 mg gemeprost 2 days later to 150 women. Women who received RU-486 and gemeprost were more likely to experience a complete abortion than those who received only gemeprost (98% vs. 87.4%; p = .0004). There were no significant differences in the efficacy of 200, 400, or 600 mg of RU-486 followed by gemeprost. Women who received gemeprost alone suffered more pain than those who received RU-486 and gemeprost so they were more likely to need analgesics (p = .0001). Women who received gemeprost alone experienced considerable more abdominal and pelvic pain as time passed (p .001 and .0002, respectively). In addition, women treated with gemeprost alone had a significantly lower median concentration of serum human chorionic gonadotropin on day 8 than those treated with RU-486 and gemeprost (median 1.78% VS. 3.57%; P .00101), even though more of them still were pregnant. On the other hand, both groups of women experienced the same duration of bleeding, interval from abortion induction to menstruation, and change in hemoglobin concentration between days 1 and 8. In the gemeprost alone group, most abortions occurred on day 1 and most abortions occurred on day 3 in the RU-486 and gemeprost group. Women treated with gemeprost alone were required to spend 1 night in the hospital while none of the women in the other group did. The RU-486 and gemeprost regimen had considerable advantages over the gemeprost-alone regimen for inducing an early medical abortion. Yet when RU-486 is not available or contraindicated, physicians can use gemeprost alone.