Radiation therapy of spinal cord compression caused by breast cancer: report of a prospective trial

Abstract

Fifty-six breast cancer patients with metastatic spinal cord compression were consecutively treated with radiation therapy alone. All patients received steroids plus chemotherapy and/or hormonal therapy. Emergency radiation therapy was administered using a split-course regimen: 5 Gy for 3 days, stopped for 4 days and, only in responders, a further 3 Gy for 5 days (time dose fractionation 68). Median follow-up was 22 months (range, 4 to 52 months). Response and survival were assessed on the basis of, pretreatment and posttreatment walking capacity, presence of vertebral body collapse or osteolysis, presence of other metastatic sites apart from bone and chemotherapy and/or hormonal therapy. In 89% of patients with back pain the pain disappeared or lessened. Four of 6 cases (67%) with urinary dysfunction responded to radiation therapy. Of 35 cases with motor dysfunction at the time of diagnosis, 21 (60%) regained the ability to walk and another five (14%) who were able to walk with support at diagnosis did not deteriorate. All 21 cases without motor deficits before treatment maintained good motor performance after radiation therapy. Response to therapy was better in pretreatment walking than in nonwalking patients (97% vs 69%; p less than 0.02). Probability of duration of response at 1 year was 59% and 10% for posttreatment walking and nonwalking patients, respectively (p less than 0.0001). One year survival probability was 66% for posttreatment walking and 10% for posttreatment nonwalking patients, respectively (p less than 0.0001). Pretreatment and posttreatment ambulatory status were the most important prognostic factors.