Insertion of prolonged venous access device: a comparison between surgical cutdown and percutaneous techniques

Abstract

The use of totally implantable prolonged venous access devices (TIPVAD) in chemotherapy for oncological patients is now consolidated practice, whereas the choice between surgical cutdown and the percutaneous technique is still a controversial matter. The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the validity and safety of the surgical approach by comparison with percutaneous techniques. Over a period of 17 months, 106 patients (mainly oncological cases) underwent surgical cutdown for TIPVAD placement in the cephalic vein. During a mean follow-up of 8 months (range 1-21), we evaluated the surgical and management complications and compared them with reported results obtained with the percutaneous technique. We observed a lower incidence of pneumothorax, 2 cases of malfunction due to kinking, and no catheter fractures, while management complications were similar to the findings in the literature. In expert hands, the surgical approach is a fast, safe technique with a lower rate of intraoperative complications than the percutaneous approach and less discomfort for the patient. Adequate training of medical and paramedical staff is the most important factor in making TIPVAD reliable and safe in the long term.