[Stress tests of reconstruction plates for bridging mandibular angle defects]

Abstract

Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the mechanical stress in reconstruction plates used for bridging mandibular angle defects and in the screw-plate-bone interface with the finite element method. Additionally, the influence of reconstruction plate geometry, screw configuration, and screw diameter upon the mechanical stress distribution was determined. Suggestions for design improvements of the plate were derived from the results.

Material and methods: Based on the geometrical data of a human mandible, an angle defect bridged by a titanium reconstruction plate was generated and exposed to chewing force. The reconstruction plate was securely fixed by M 2.7 titanium screws. A variation of plate design, screw configuration, and screw diameter was carried out. The mechanical stress was calculated following the von Mises stress hypothesis.

Results: Using the standard plate the mechanical stress in all components exceeded by far the ultimate tensile strength. Possible clinical consequences could be a fatigue fracture of the plate, loosening of the screw, and irreversible damage of the bone leading to infection. Increasing the screw diameter by 50% would lead to a decrease of the mechanical stress by far more than 50%. An increase of the interface area between bone and plate and a triangular screw configuration diminishes the mechanical stress further, which may consequently allow a reduction of plate thickness with better adaptation to the actual jaw geometry.

Conclusion: As a preliminary result the reconstruction plate could be thinned out in areas subject to less mechanical load.