Clinical experience with angiotensin receptor blockers with particular reference to valsartan

Abstract

The angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), are highly selective for the AT1 subtype and will block the effects of angiotensin II on peripheral vessels. Several short- and long-term studies have shown these agents to be safe and effective antihypertensive drugs. Since monotherapy of hypertension may be ineffective in lowering the blood pressure to goal, the use of an ARB, especially in combination with a diuretic or another medication, is frequently necessary to bring the blood pressure <140/90 mm Hg (<130/80 mm Hg among people with diabetes mellitus or chronic renal failure), according to JNC 7 guidelines. Besides hypertension, the ARBs have been shown to reduce left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive patients. Other benefits of these medications, as well as the angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), include a decrease in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with heart failure, or hypertensive diabetic nephropathy with proteinuria. Some of the beneficial effects noted with the ACEIs and ARBs (congestive heart failure, left ventricular hypertrophy), have also been demonstrated with the use of b blockers alone and in combination with a diuretic. These drugs, i.e., b blockers, ARBs, and ACEIs, seem to exert their beneficial action through the blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. The role of this system in cardiovascular remodeling and its blockade will be discussed in this review, which will specifically summarize data with the ARB, valsartan.