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. 2004 Aug 23:4:53.
doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-4-53.

The impact of surgery and mild hyperthermia on tumor response and angioneogenesis of malignant melanoma in a rat perfusion model

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The impact of surgery and mild hyperthermia on tumor response and angioneogenesis of malignant melanoma in a rat perfusion model

Joerg Pelz et al. BMC Cancer. .

Abstract

Background: The aim of this experimental study was to determine the effect of mild hyperthermia on tumor response and angioneogenesis in an isolated limb perfusion model with a human melanoma xenograft.

Methods: A human melanoma xenograft was implanted into the hindlimbs of 30 athymic nude rats. The animals were randomized into five groups: group I: control, group II: sham group, group III: external hyperthermia with a tissue temperature of 41.5 degrees C for 30 minutes without ILP, group IV: normothermic ILP (tissue temperature 37 degrees C for 30 minutes, group V: hyperthermic ILP (tissue temperature 41.5 degrees C for 30 minutes). Tumor response was evaluated by tumor size determination and immunohistochemical analysis 6 weeks postoperatively. Tissue sections were investigated for expression of CD34 and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF).

Results: Average tumor volumes of the controls (I) increased from 105 mm3 to 1388 mm3. In the sham operated group (II) tumor volumes were significantly larger than in group I. Tumor volumes in group IV were significantly smaller than in group I and lowest in group V. There were no significant differences in size between group I and group III after six weeks. In group III and IV each, 5 animals showed tumor progression and one had a partial tumor response. In group V only 2 animals showed tumor progression. Immunhistochemical analysis of the tissue sections demonstrated that angioneogenesis was more pronounced in group II than in group I and less pronounced in group IV and V compared with group I.

Conclusions: Our results suggest that even a surgical manipulation such as a skin incision promotes tumor growth, probably by induction of growth factors like bFGF. External hyperthermia of 41.5 degrees C tissue temperature for 30 minutes only has no impact on tumor growth and angioneogenesis in vivo.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Diagrammatic outline of the experimental setup. 1: roller pump system; 2: bubble oxygenerator; 3: heat exchanger, T: temperature
Figure 2
Figure 2
The mean tumor volumes + SEM of groups I to V (n = 30) 6 weeks after treatment; Group II, III, IV and V compared to group I (§: P = 0.036 ; #: P = 0.021 (Kruskall-Wallis) n.s.:not significant).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Immunohistochemical staining for bFGF in group I (control): Microvessels are represented by red clusters, which stand out sharply from other tissues.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Immunohistochemical staining for bFGF in group II (sham operated): More microvessels are represented in the margin of the tumor.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Immunohistochemical staining for bFGF in group V (HILP): Angioneogenesis is less pronounced as in group I. Brown clusters represent melanin.

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